Аудит безпеки та пошук джерела витоку API-ключів

📋 Brief Description of the Problem

A specialist in information security is required to identify the source of the API key leak from the production server. For a month, there has been a systematic theft of credentials from the .env file, followed by their use for spam mailings.

Budget: By agreement (discussed after assessing the scope of work)

Deadline: 3-7 days for diagnostics + 3-5 days of monitoring after completion

🔴 Problem Description

Incident Timeline:

What Has Already Been Done:

• ✅ Full audit of the application code (no backdoors found)
• ✅ Antivirus check of the developer's computer (clean)
• ✅ Removal of all browser extensions
• ✅ Complete migration to a new server (clean installation)
• ✅ Change of all API keys
• ✅ Backup encryption (AES, stored on Google Drive)
• ✅ Removal of credentials from Git history
• ✅ Involvement of two freelancers (problem not resolved)

Current Situation:

After migrating to a new server and connecting Brevo with IP-whitelist, spam mailings have stopped, BUT the provider recorded an attempt to use a new API key from an unknown IP. This means that the leak of credentials continues.

🎯 Task

Find the source of the API key leak from the .env file.

Possible attack vectors (hypotheses):

1. Vulnerability in the application code — ability to read files via the web
2. Compromise of the developer's workstation — keylogger, clipboard hijacker, screen capture
3. Compromise of SSH/FTP access — stolen keys, brute-force
4. Vulnerability in server software — NGINX, PHP-FPM, PostgreSQL
5. Man-in-the-Middle — interception during deployment/editing
6. Leak through CI/CD or Git — accidental inclusion in history
7. Compromise of the hosting provider — unlikely, but possible
8. Insider threat — access of third parties to the server/code

📦 Project Technical Stack

📝 What is Required from the Contractor

Stage 1: Server Audit (remotely)

• [ ] Analysis of authorization logs (/var/log/auth.log, lastlog, wtmp)
• [ ] Check for rootkits (rkhunter, chkrootkit, lynis)
• [ ] Audit cron jobs of all users
• [ ] Check systemd services for suspicious ones
• [ ] Analyze open ports and network connections
• [ ] Check SUID/SGID files
• [ ] Analyze .bashrc, .profile for injections
• [ ] Check SSH configuration and authorized_keys
• [ ] Audit access rights to the .env file
• [ ] Check PHP-FPM pool configuration
• [ ] Analyze NGINX configuration for vulnerabilities

Stage 2: Application Code Audit

• [ ] Search for LFI/RFI (Local/Remote File Inclusion) vulnerabilities
• [ ] Check for Path Traversal vulnerabilities
• [ ] Analyze file upload points
• [ ] Check user input handling
• [ ] Search for hardcoded credentials
• [ ] Analyze logging (are keys logged)
• [ ] Check for information leaks (phpinfo, debug mode)

Stage 3: Developer Workstation Audit

• [ ] Deep malware scan (not just antivirus)
• [ ] Check startup and task scheduler
• [ ] Analyze installed programs
• [ ] Check IDE extensions (VSCode/PHPStorm)
• [ ] Analyze clipboard history
• [ ] Check network traffic for suspicious connections

Stage 4: Monitoring and Traps

• [ ] Set up monitoring access to the .env file (auditd, inotify)
• [ ] Create a honeypot key to track the leak
• [ ] Set up alerts for suspicious activity

⚠️ Important Working Conditions

Access to the Server:

SSH access is provided ONLY through remote desktop (TeamViewer or AnyDesk).

Direct SSH access is not provided for security reasons.

Communication:

A mandatory phone/video call before starting work for:

• Verifying the contractor
• Discussing the work plan
• Agreeing on the process

Payment Terms:

Payment is made 3-5 days after the completion of work, provided there are no new leak incidents.

This is due to previous contractors claiming to have resolved the issue, but leaks continued.

📊 Expected Results

1. Audit report with a detailed description of the checked components
2. Identified source of the leak (if found) with evidence
3. Recommendations for eliminating the vulnerability
4. Plan to prevent similar incidents in the future
5. Configured monitoring system for access to sensitive files

👤 Requirements for the Contractor

• Experience in information security for at least 3 years
• Experience in penetration testing and security audits
• Knowledge of Linux at the administrator level
• Understanding of web vulnerabilities (OWASP Top 10)
• Experience with PHP applications
• Forensics skills (digital forensics) — preferred
• Knowledge of the Russian language (for communication)

Advantages will be:

• Experience investigating similar incidents
• Certifications (CEH, OSCP, etc.)
• Portfolio/cases on security audits

📞 How to Respond

In your response, please indicate:

1. Your experience with similar tasks (specific cases)
2. What tools you plan to use
3. Your initial hypothesis about the source of the leak
4. Estimated timelines and costs

The project is active, in production, serving real clients. Maximum care is required during the audit.