Daria K.
Rating
Skills and abilities
Translation
Portfolio
-
Translation into Russian topic philosophy
Text TranslationCosmological arguments highlight a certain common feature of the universe, such as its randomness, and claim that this feature supports the existence of God. The Kalam cosmological argument (KCA), originally developed by Muslim theologians, focuses on the apparent finitude of the universe, asserting that this implies the existence of a first cause. There are two main variants of Kalam: one variant, supported by William Lane Craig, claims that the universe is finite in time. The other variant, supported by Alexander Pruss, advocates for causal finitism (the thesis that any causal chain must be finite). Craig's Kalam derives the existence of a cause for the universe from its temporal finitude by using some causal principle, such as "everything that begins to exist has a cause." Comparatively, Pruss's Kalam has quicker arguments for the existence of a first cause; however, to show that this first cause has divine attributes, this Kalam often also ultimately relies on various causal or linking principles. In either variant of Kalam, there are three main areas of dispute: (i) is the universe truly finite in the sense claimed, (ii) is the relevant causal or linking principle convincing, and (iii) is the derived first cause an example of any of the traditional divine attributes? Key works The original Kalam of Craig is most thoroughly outlined in Craig's work (1998), and a modern defense is presented in Craig and Sinclair (2009). Craig's Kalam uses philosophical and scientific arguments in favor of the finitude of time: Copan & Craig 2017 is a remarkable anthology of essays critiquing and defending philosophical arguments for the finitude of time, while Craig & Copan 2017 is an anthology of scientific arguments for the finitude of time. Pruss's Kalam is most thoroughly developed in Pruss 2018, as well as Koons 2014. Most objections and discussions of Pruss's Kalam are based on an objection developed in §3 Shackel 2005, or revolve around it. Another source of objections against Kalam in a more general sense has been that its arguments for finitude can be parodied as (implausible) arguments for a finite future; see Cohen 2015 for parodies of Kalam in general and Schmid, forthcoming, for parodies of Pruss's Kalam. Introductions For a good overview of Craig's Kalam, see Reichenbach 2004, particularly §7. For an overview of recent work on Kalam and some subvariants not mentioned here, see McIntosh 2022, particularly §2.
-
5 USD Translation of texts into Russian, Ukrainian, English, Polish
Text Translationtranslation of texts of any nature and quantity, price negotiable.
-
7 USD Перевод на английский и с английского
Text TranslationПереведу с русского, украинского, польского и немецкого
Activity
| Latest proposals 2 | Budget | Added | Deadlines | Proposal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Transcribe audio conference calls
21 USD
|
|||||
|
Copywriter
20 USD
|