Solve the task in Jamovi
"Dear students, regarding question number 6 in the individual assignment, the variable "Voice" has three levels, not two, so you cannot apply any of the comparison tests we have studied. To solve this problem, you can replace the cases of "voiceless" with "No". In this situation, you increase the size of "No" and get only two levels, and the test works. You can also use the tool for handling missing values in Jamovi to ignore the third option (I prefer the first solution as it increases the size of the "No" option, making the test more reliable). Usually, another test can be used with three levels (we will study it later in this course)."
Here are the questions you need to answer:
Use the dataset "data_11" to answer questions 1-5.
1. Evaluate the distribution of one metric variable (ratio/interval) of your choice in the dataset using the following:
a. Histogram/density function
b. Box plots
c. Measures of skewness and kurtosis
d. Median and mean values
Q-Q plot
2. Based on the indicators and graphical representations mentioned in question 1, does the variable correspond to a normal distribution? Explain how you see this.
3. Perform a test of normal distribution (Shapiro-Wilk test/KS test)? Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses of this test. Are the data normally distributed? Argue based on the probability result of your test. (Choose 5% as the significance level)
4. Based on your analysis of the distribution of the selected variable, determine which metric better reflects the distribution of your variable: mean, median, or none of them (you can suggest other metrics).
5. We need to check if there is a correlation between the variable you selected and the "INFLATION" variable.
a. Check the assumptions that must be met (linearity, normality, outliers)
b. Perform the appropriate correlation metric and draw conclusions based on the results. (Hint: if you want to perform a correlation, click on "Regression" -> "Correlation Matrix"). c. Do you think your conclusion matches your expectations?
Use the dataset "data_12" to answer question 6:
6. Compare your selected continuous variable across the levels of the "voice" variable. (choose a reasonable continuous variable).
a. Formulate hypotheses.
b. Determine which test is most suitable for this comparison (check assumptions).
c. Based on the results, draw conclusions about significant differences between groups and answer your hypotheses."
7.
The text on the images has been translated into Russian:
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7. We want to study the difference between the effects of two drugs A and B on a specific virus (we measure the effect based on recovery time in hours). The following table shows the average recovery time (hours) for people using drug A or drug B:
Average Recovery Time (hours)
Drug A 24
Drug B 168
a. What statistical biases can a researcher make when choosing their samples? Specify at least one and propose a practical solution to reduce this bias.
b. Based on the null and alternative hypotheses of the test, what do you expect from the P-value (below the significance level α or above) and why?
H0: Drug A and drug B have the same effect on the virus.
H1: Drug A and drug B have different effects on the virus.
Assuming we reduced alpha from 5% to 0.1% for a specific test, what will happen to the Type I error (α), Type II error (β), and why?
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